See refugium on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "refugial"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "microrefugium"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "refugium"
},
"expansion": "Latin refugium",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "refuge"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of refuge",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin refugium. Doublet of refuge.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "refugia",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "refugiums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "refugia",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "refugium (plural refugia or refugiums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2016, Justin O. Schmidt, The Sting of the Wild, Johns Hopkins University Press, →ISBN, page 113:",
"text": "Beetles fly, many ants send forth massive swarms of reproductive alate females and males, arachnids and insect predators emerge from their hidden refugia, and termite swarm.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any local environment that has escaped regional ecological change and therefore provides a habitat for endangered species."
],
"id": "en-refugium-en-noun-TWSrNdHg",
"links": [
[
"local",
"local"
],
[
"environment",
"environment"
],
[
"ecological",
"ecological"
],
[
"habitat",
"habitat"
],
[
"species",
"species"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "habitat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "refugium"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 11",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "habitat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ostoja"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A separate section of a fishtank that shares the same water supply, used for denitrification, plankton production, etc."
],
"id": "en-refugium-en-noun-Uth8VscF",
"links": [
[
"fishtank",
"fishtank"
],
[
"denitrification",
"denitrification"
],
[
"plankton",
"plankton"
],
[
"production",
"production"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(aquaculture) A separate section of a fishtank that shares the same water supply, used for denitrification, plankton production, etc."
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"refugium"
],
"word": "refugium"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "refuxu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: refuxu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: refuxu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "refugi"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: refugi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: refugi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "refugium"
},
"expansion": "English: refugium",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: refugium"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "refuxio"
},
"expansion": "Galician: refuxio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: refuxio"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Refugium"
},
"expansion": "German: Refugium",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Refugium"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "rifugio"
},
"expansion": "Italian: rifugio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: rifugio"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "refuge"
},
"expansion": "Old French: refuge, reffuge, refiuge, refuje\nFrench: refuge\n→ Turkish: refüj\n→ Middle English: refuge, reffuge, reyfuge\nEnglish: refuge",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: refuge, reffuge, refiuge, refuje\nFrench: refuge\n→ Turkish: refüj\n→ Middle English: refuge, reffuge, reyfuge\nEnglish: refuge"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "arfugi",
"3": "rifugi"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: arfugi, rifugi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: arfugi, rifugi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "refúgio"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: refúgio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: refúgio"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "refugiu"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: refugiu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: refugiu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "refugio"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: refugio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: refugio"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "refugiō",
"3": "-ium",
"t1": "flee back, escape"
},
"expansion": "refugiō (“flee back, escape”) + -ium",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From refugiō (“flee back, escape”) + -ium.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "refugiī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "refugī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "refugium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refugia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "refugiī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refugī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refugiōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "refugiō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refugiīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "refugium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refugia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "refugiō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refugiīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "refugium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "refugia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "refugium<2>"
},
"expansion": "refugium n (genitive refugiī or refugī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "refugium<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -ium",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"refuge"
],
"id": "en-refugium-la-noun-jLeooKhy",
"links": [
[
"refuge",
"refuge"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "cōnfugium"
},
{
"word": "refuga"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "perfugium"
},
{
"word": "asȳlum"
},
{
"word": "tēctum"
},
{
"word": "receptāculum"
},
{
"word": "dēverticulum"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/reˈfu.ɡi.um/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[rɛˈfʊɡiʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/reˈfu.d͡ʒi.um/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[reˈfuːd͡ʒium]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "refugium"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "la",
"3": "refugium"
},
"expansion": "Latin refugium",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin refugium.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "refugiet",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refugier",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "refugia",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "refugiene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nb",
"name": "Biology",
"orig": "nb:Biology",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nb",
"name": "Ecology",
"orig": "nb:Ecology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a refugium (area where an organism can survive unfavourable conditions)"
],
"id": "en-refugium-nb-noun-cte8Xtev",
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"ecology",
"ecology"
],
[
"refugium",
"refugium#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology, ecology) a refugium (area where an organism can survive unfavourable conditions)"
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"ecology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "refugium"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Polish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "refugial"
},
{
"word": "microrefugium"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "refugium"
},
"expansion": "Latin refugium",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "refuge"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of refuge",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin refugium. Doublet of refuge.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "refugia",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "refugiums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "refugia",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "refugium (plural refugia or refugiums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2016, Justin O. Schmidt, The Sting of the Wild, Johns Hopkins University Press, →ISBN, page 113:",
"text": "Beetles fly, many ants send forth massive swarms of reproductive alate females and males, arachnids and insect predators emerge from their hidden refugia, and termite swarm.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any local environment that has escaped regional ecological change and therefore provides a habitat for endangered species."
],
"links": [
[
"local",
"local"
],
[
"environment",
"environment"
],
[
"ecological",
"ecological"
],
[
"habitat",
"habitat"
],
[
"species",
"species"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A separate section of a fishtank that shares the same water supply, used for denitrification, plankton production, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"fishtank",
"fishtank"
],
[
"denitrification",
"denitrification"
],
[
"plankton",
"plankton"
],
[
"production",
"production"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(aquaculture) A separate section of a fishtank that shares the same water supply, used for denitrification, plankton production, etc."
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "habitat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "refugium"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "habitat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ostoja"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"refugium"
],
"word": "refugium"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "refuxu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: refuxu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: refuxu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "refugi"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: refugi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: refugi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "refugium"
},
"expansion": "English: refugium",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: refugium"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "refuxio"
},
"expansion": "Galician: refuxio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: refuxio"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Refugium"
},
"expansion": "German: Refugium",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Refugium"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "rifugio"
},
"expansion": "Italian: rifugio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: rifugio"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "refuge"
},
"expansion": "Old French: refuge, reffuge, refiuge, refuje\nFrench: refuge\n→ Turkish: refüj\n→ Middle English: refuge, reffuge, reyfuge\nEnglish: refuge",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: refuge, reffuge, refiuge, refuje\nFrench: refuge\n→ Turkish: refüj\n→ Middle English: refuge, reffuge, reyfuge\nEnglish: refuge"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "arfugi",
"3": "rifugi"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: arfugi, rifugi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: arfugi, rifugi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "refúgio"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: refúgio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: refúgio"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "refugiu"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: refugiu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: refugiu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "refugio"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: refugio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: refugio"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "refugiō",
"3": "-ium",
"t1": "flee back, escape"
},
"expansion": "refugiō (“flee back, escape”) + -ium",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From refugiō (“flee back, escape”) + -ium.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "refugiī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "refugī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "refugium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refugia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "refugiī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refugī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refugiōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "refugiō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refugiīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "refugium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refugia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "refugiō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refugiīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "refugium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "refugia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "refugium<2>"
},
"expansion": "refugium n (genitive refugiī or refugī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "refugium<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "cōnfugium"
},
{
"word": "refuga"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin 4-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms suffixed with -ium",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"refuge"
],
"links": [
[
"refuge",
"refuge"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "perfugium"
},
{
"word": "asȳlum"
},
{
"word": "tēctum"
},
{
"word": "receptāculum"
},
{
"word": "dēverticulum"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/reˈfu.ɡi.um/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[rɛˈfʊɡiʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/reˈfu.d͡ʒi.um/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[reˈfuːd͡ʒium]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "refugium"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "la",
"3": "refugium"
},
"expansion": "Latin refugium",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin refugium.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "refugiet",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "refugier",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "refugia",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "refugiene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Bokmål lemmas",
"Norwegian Bokmål neuter nouns",
"Norwegian Bokmål nouns",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Latin",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"nb:Biology",
"nb:Ecology"
],
"glosses": [
"a refugium (area where an organism can survive unfavourable conditions)"
],
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"ecology",
"ecology"
],
[
"refugium",
"refugium#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology, ecology) a refugium (area where an organism can survive unfavourable conditions)"
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"ecology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "refugium"
}
Download raw JSONL data for refugium meaning in All languages combined (8.0kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: aquaculture",
"path": [
"refugium"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "refugium",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: aquaculture",
"path": [
"refugium"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "refugium",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.